python画环形图的方法

import os
 
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import random
import numpy as np
 
 
# 获取渐变色的list
def gradual(number):
 colors = []
 h = 0.00001
 gradual2 = random.uniform(0, 1)
 r = gradual2
 if gradual2 >= 0.5:
  g = h
  b = gradual2
 else:
  g = gradual2
  b = h
 colors.append((r, g, b, 1))
 for i in range(number - 1):
  # 大于0.5 则为绿色渐变，小于则为蓝色渐变
  if gradual2 >= 0.5:
   g = 1 if ((1 - h) / number) > 1 else (g + (1 - h) / number)
  else:
   b = 1 if ((1 - h) / number) > 1 else (b + (1 - h) / number)
  colors.append((r, g, b, 1))
 return colors
 
 
# 获取绿色的个数,standardRedIndex为要将那个颜色改为红色
def listGreen(number, standardRedIndex):
 colors = []
 for i in range(number):
  if i == standardRedIndex - 1:
   colors.append('r')
  else:
   colors.append('#6CAD4F')
 return colors
 
 
# 画环形图
def circularGraph(outerData, innerData, labels, standardRedIndex):
 data = pd.DataFrame([outerData, innerData], columns=labels)
 # 设置字体这样才可以显示中文
 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = 'Microsoft YaHei'
 plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
 plt.figure(figsize=(8, 5))
 colors = gradual(len(labels))
 # 数据内环
 plt.pie(data.iloc[1, :], radius=0.65, wedgeprops=dict(width=0.3, edgecolor='w'), colors=colors)
 # 数据外环
 plt.pie(data.iloc[0, :], radius=1, wedgeprops=dict(width=0.3, edgecolor='w'),
   colors=listGreen(len(labels), standardRedIndex))
 # 获取ax label
 ax = plt.subplot(1, 1, 1)
 # loc是位置，bbox_to_anchor是位置坐标，borderaxespad将图例放外面 frameon=False去掉图例边框
 # bbox_to_anchor 的y坐标
 y = -1 / 40 * len(labels) + 0.5
 ax.legend(labels, loc=4, bbox_to_anchor=(1.3, y), borderaxespad=0., frameon=False)
 plt.show()
 
 
circularGraph([30, 30, 20, 40, 20, 20, 40, 20, 20, 40, 20], [30, 30, 20, 40, 20, 20, 40, 20, 20, 40, 20],
    ['甲硫杆菌', '霍尔德曼氏菌属', 'Faecali菌属', '瘤胃菌属', 'Faecali菌属', 'Faecali菌属', '瘤胃菌属', 'Faecali菌属', 'Faecali菌属', '瘤胃菌属', 'Faecali菌属'], 3)