python 对任意数据和曲线进行拟合并求出函数表达式的三种解决方案

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
#定义x、y散点坐标
x = [10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80]
x = np.array(x)
print('x is :\n',x)
num = [174,236,305,334,349,351,342,323]
y = np.array(num)
print('y is :\n',y)
#用3次多项式拟合
f1 = np.polyfit(x, y, 3)
print('f1 is :\n',f1)
 
p1 = np.poly1d(f1)
print('p1 is :\n',p1)
 
#也可使用yvals=np.polyval(f1, x)
yvals = p1(x) #拟合y值
print('yvals is :\n',yvals)
#绘图
plot1 = plt.plot(x, y, 's',label='original values')
plot2 = plt.plot(x, yvals, 'r',label='polyfit values')
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.legend(loc=4) #指定legend的位置右下角
plt.title('polyfitting')
plt.show()

##使用curve_fit

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.optimize import curve_fit
 
#自定义函数 e指数形式
def func(x, a, b,c):
 return a*np.sqrt(x)*(b*np.square(x)+c)
 
#定义x、y散点坐标
x = [20,30,40,50,60,70]
x = np.array(x)
num = [453,482,503,508,498,479]
y = np.array(num)
 
#非线性最小二乘法拟合
popt, pcov = curve_fit(func, x, y)
#获取popt里面是拟合系数
print(popt)
a = popt[0] 
b = popt[1]
c = popt[2]
yvals = func(x,a,b,c) #拟合y值
print('popt:', popt)
print('系数a:', a)
print('系数b:', b)
print('系数c:', c)
print('系数pcov:', pcov)
print('系数yvals:', yvals)
#绘图
plot1 = plt.plot(x, y, 's',label='original values')
plot2 = plt.plot(x, yvals, 'r',label='polyfit values')
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.legend(loc=4) #指定legend的位置右下角
plt.title('curve_fit')
plt.show()

#encoding=utf-8 
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.optimize import curve_fit
import pandas as pd
#自定义函数 e指数形式
def func(x, a,u, sig):
 return a*(np.exp(-(x - u) ** 2 /(2* sig **2))/(math.sqrt(2*math.pi)*sig))*(431+(4750/x))
#定义x、y散点坐标
x = [40,45,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,100,105,110,115,120,125,130,135]
x=np.array(x)
# x = np.array(range(20))
print('x is :\n',x)
num = [536,529,522,516,511,506,502,498,494,490,487,484,481,478,475,472,470,467,465,463]
y = np.array(num)
print('y is :\n',y)
popt, pcov = curve_fit(func, x, y,p0=[3.1,4.2,3.3])
#获取popt里面是拟合系数
a = popt[0]
u = popt[1]
sig = popt[2]
yvals = func(x,a,u,sig) #拟合y值
print(u'系数a:', a)
print(u'系数u:', u)
print(u'系数sig:', sig)
#绘图
plot1 = plt.plot(x, y, 's',label='original values')
plot2 = plt.plot(x, yvals, 'r',label='polyfit values')
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.legend(loc=4) #指定legend的位置右下角
plt.title('curve_fit')
plt.show()