Selector是利用css selector来匹配选择页面元素的，所以要理解Selector首先应该对css selector有所理解，下面是css2 selector的语法，当然很多浏览器只是支持其中的一部分，Prototype 中的Selector主要支持tag选择器、class选择器和id选择器，还有属性(attribute)选择器，基本上包含我们平时所用的所有类型
The following table summarizes CSS2 selector syntax, 详细的可以看http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2/selector.html:
| Pattern | Meaning | Described in section |
|---|---|---|
| * | Matches any element. | Universal selector |
| E | Matches any E element (i.e., an element of type E). | Type selectors |
| E F | Matches any F element that is a descendant of an E element. | Descendant selectors |
| E > F | Matches any F element that is a child of an element E. | Child selectors |
| E:first-child | Matches element E when E is the first child of its parent. | The :first-child pseudo-class |
| E:link E:visited | Matches element E if E is the source anchor of a hyperlink of which the target is not yet visited (:link) or already visited (:visited). | The link pseudo-classes |
| E:active E:hover E:focus | Matches E during certain user actions. | The dynamic pseudo-classes |
| E:lang(c) | Matches element of type E if it is in (human) language c (the document language specifies how language is determined). | The :lang() pseudo-class |
| E + F | Matches any F element immediately preceded by an element E. | Adjacent selectors |
| E[foo] | Matches any E element with the “foo” attribute set (whatever the value). | Attribute selectors |
| E[foo=”warning”] | Matches any E element whose “foo” attribute value is exactly equal to “warning”. | Attribute selectors |
| E[foo~=”warning”] | Matches any E element whose “foo” attribute value is a list of space-separated values, one of which is exactly equal to “warning”. | Attribute selectors |
| E[lang|=”en”] | Matches any E element whose “lang” attribute has a hyphen-separated list of values beginning (from the left) with “en”. | Attribute selectors |
| DIV.warning | HTML only. The same as DIV[class~=”warning”]. | Class selectors |
| E#myid | Matches any E element ID equal to “myid”. | ID selectors |
Selector中包含Selector对象和类，
Selector对象具有下面两个方法：
match(element)：元素是否与本selector匹配，在Element中已经介绍了
findElements(parentNode)：parentNode中所有匹配本selector的子孙元素列表
使用方法也很简单 var s=new Selector(expression); s.match(element); s.findElements($(element))，其中expression可以是如下方式 "div"、"#id"、".class"、"div#id"、"div[attribute]"、"div[attribute=fff]"、"div[attribute!=sdf]"
其中Selector也有几个静态方法，它们分别是：
matchElements(elements, expression)：返回elements中符合expression的元素列表
findElement(elements, expression, index)：返回elements中符合expression的元素列表中索引为index的元素
findChildElements(element, expressions)：找出element的子孙元素中符合expressions的元素列表，其中expressions是一个expression数组，其中的expression支持"div li.#id"形式
$$方法：只是简单的调用return Selector.findChildElements(document, $A(arguments))
虽然Selector有这么多方法，但是大部分都是内部调用的，我们一般都很少使用，因为我们有个一个方便的方法$$，对于绝大部分情况已经足够了
