基于Java class对象说明、Java 静态变量声明和赋值说明(详解)

java.lang.Object
  java.lang.Class<T>
  
Instances of the class Class represent classes and interfaces in a running Java application. An enum is a kind of class and an annotation is a kind of interface. Every array also belongs to a class that is reflected as a Class object that is shared by all arrays with the same element type and number of dimensions. The primitive Java types (boolean, byte, char, short, int, long, float, and double), and the keyword void are also represented as Class objects.

Class has no public constructor. Instead Class objects are constructed automatically by the Java Virtual Machine as classes are loaded and by calls to the defineClass method in the class loader.

The following example uses a Class object to print the class name of an object:

   void printClassName(Object obj) {
     System.out.println("The class of " + obj +
              " is " + obj.getClass().getName());
   }
 
It is also possible to get the Class object for a named type (or for void) using a class literal.

  System.out.println("The name of class Foo is: "+Foo.class.getName());

在一个运行着的JAVA应用中，类的任何实例都可以用Class对象来指代，Class可以指代所有的类和接口。枚举属于类，注解属于接口，均可以用Class指代。每个数组均属于反射的Class对象，数组中的每个元素和维度也同样拥有Class对象。Java基本类型（boolean, byte, char, short, int, long, float, and double）以及关键字void也都可以用Class指代。

Class类不存在构造函数，当类被加载过程中由JVM通过调用类加载器中的defineClass方法自动构造。

下面的例子是将一个对象通过Class对象打印出类名。
   void printClassName(Object obj) {
     System.out.println("The class of " + obj +
              " is " + obj.getClass().getName());
   }
通过class关键字指定类型也是可以得到Class对象的
  System.out.println("The name of class Foo is: "+Foo.class.getName());

/**
 * 
 * 旨在测试Class对象和Instance之间的关系；
 * 旨在测试静态变量的声明和赋值过程；
 * @author zzy
 *
 */
public class ObjClass {
  private enum tmpEnum {A, B, C};
  public static void main(String[] args){
    int[] tmpArray = {1,2,3};
    Class classType;
    
    try {
      // 通过类名直接获取Class对象，JVM中没有加载。
      classType = InClass.class;
      System.out.println(".class: " + classType);
      System.out.println(".class finish.");
      
      // Java加载类
      classType = Class.forName("InClass");
      System.out.println("Class.forName: " + classType);
      System.out.println("Class.forName: finish.");

      
      // 创建实例
      InClass newClassType = new InClass();
      classType = newClassType.getClass();
      System.out.println("new Object.getClass: " + classType);
      System.out.println("new Object.getClass: finish.");

      // 数组对象
      classType = tmpArray.getClass();
      System.out.println("Array.getClass:" + classType.getSimpleName());
      System.out.println("Array.getClass: finish.");
      
      // 枚举对象
      classType = tmpEnum.class;
      System.out.println("enum.class:" + classType);
      System.out.println("enum.class: finish.");

    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
      // TODO Auto-generated catch block
      e.printStackTrace();
    }      
  }  
}
class InClass{
  // 对静态变量声明之前赋值 
  {
    staticPara = 10;
  }
  public static int staticPara;
  
  // 构造函数
  public InClass(){
    System.out.println("construction...");
  }
  
  // 静态代码块
  static {
    System.out.println("static function...");
  }
  
  // 静态变量赋值
  {  
    staticPara = 20;
  }
  
  {
    System.out.println("normal function, staticPara：" + staticPara);
  }
  
  // 静态变量赋值
  {
    staticPara = 30;
  }  
}

.class: class InClass
.class finish.
static function...
Class.forName: class InClass
Class.forName: finish.
normal function, staticPara：20
construction...
new Object.getClass: class InClass
new Object.getClass: finish.
Array.getClass:int[]
Array.getClass: finish.
enum.class:class ObjClass$tmpEnum
enum.class: finish.