dos中一些常用命令的errorlevel返回值

Windows DOS(或批处理) 对命令执行结果（返回码）的判断，可使用errorlevle值来进行。例如

IF %ERRORLEVEL% GTR 0 GOTO end

表示查找jar命令，当没有找到时，则跳转到“end” 子程序继续执行。

 IF %ERRORLEVEL% GTR 0 ECHO 错误代码：%errorlevel%

表示找不到jar命令时，则打印错误代码。

if %ERRORLEVEL%对数值的比较方法有如下几种:

EQU - 等于
NEQ - 不等于
LSS - 小于
LEQ - 小于或等于
GTR - 大于
GEQ - 大于或等于

ATTRIB.EXE

(a) Target file/folder not found                            = ERRORLEVEL 1
(b) Invalid switch                                                 = ERRORLEVEL 1
(c) Sharing violation (target file in use)               = ERRORLEVEL 1
(d) Invalid drive specification                              = ERRORLEVEL 1
(e) Drive not ready (either Abort or Fail reply)    = ERRORLEVEL 1
(f) Invalid/wrong number of parameters              = ERRORLEVEL 1

EXTRACT.EXE

(a) Invalid switch                                  = ERRORLEVEL 1

FC.EXE

(a) Insufficient number of filespecs                = ERRORLEVEL 1
(b) Too many filenames on command line              = ERRORLEVEL 1
(c) Sharing Violation + Abort reply                 = ERRORLEVEL 5
     (Note: Fail reply returns ERRORLEVEL 0)
(d) Drive not ready                                 = ERRORLEVEL 18
     (Note: Fail reply returns ERRORLEVEL 0)

FIND.EXE

(a) Target string found    (=f0und)                  = ERRORLEVEL 0
(b) Target string missing (=m1ssing)             = ERRORLEVEL 1
(c) find /?                                         = ERRORLEVEL 1
(d) Parameter format not correct                    = ERRORLEVEL 2
(e) Specified file to search not found              = ERRORLEVEL 2
(f) Specified file in use + Fail reply                  = ERRORLEVEL 2
(g) Drive not ready + Fail reply                        = ERRORLEVEL 2
(h) Specified file in use + Abort reply              = ERRORLEVEL 5
(i) Drive not ready + Abort reply                    = ERRORLEVEL 5

FORMAT.COM

(a) Drive not ready                                 = ERRORLEVEL 4
     (There is no Abort, Retry, Fail stall)

FTP.EXE

(a) Brief help (use: ftp -h for Brief help)         = ERRORLEVEL 2
(b) Error opening script file (file missing)        = ERRORLEVEL 2
(c) Invalid switch                                  = ERRORLEVEL 2

MORE.COM

(a) Invalid switch (MORE doesn't accept switches)   = ERRORLEVEL 1
(b) Drive not ready (Abort reply)                   = ERRORLELEL 5
     (Note: Fail reply returns ERRORLEVEL 0)

MOVE.EXE

(a) Required parameter missing                      = ERRORLEVEL 1
(b) Unable to create destination                    = ERRORLEVEL 1
(c) Unable to open source                           = ERRORLEVEL 1
     (you see this when trying to MOVE a folder from one drive
      to another. You need to use XCOPY /S followed by DELTREE,
      since MOVE won't handle folder moves across drives)
(d) Sharing violation + Fail reply                  = ERRORLEVEL 1
     (Note: file is nevertheless COPIED, not moved, in this case)
(e) Sharing violation + Abort reply                 = ERRORLEVEL 5
     (Note: file is nevertheless COPIED, not moved, in this case)
(f) Drive not ready (Abort reply)                   = ERRORLEVEL 18
     (Note: Fail reply - unusually - returns ERRORLEVEL 1)

PING.EXE

(a) Unknown host                                    = ERRORLEVEL 1
     (usually=name not found on DomainNameServer)
(b) Brief help (with no parameter)                  = ERRORLEVEL 1
Note: for PING Brief help with /? switch, ERRORLEVEL is 0
(c) Invalid switch                                  = ERRORLEVEL 1
     (and displays the Brief help as well)
(d) Interrupted with [Ctrl-C]                       = ERRORLEVEL 255

SORT.EXE

(a) Invalid switch                                  = ERRORLEVEL 1
(b) Drive not ready (Abort reply)                   = ERRORLEVEL 15
     (Note: Fail reply returns ERRORLEVEL 0)

START.EXE

(a) start /? (real mode)                            = ERRORLEVEL 1
(b) start /? (GUI)                                  = ERRORLEVEL 255
(c) Can't find file specified for START             = ERRORLEVEL 255
(d) No file association for specified file          = ERRORLEVEL 255
(e) Drive not ready                                 = ERRORLEVEL 255
     (There is no Abort, Retry, Fail stall)

SUBST.EXE

(a) Invalid parameter                               = ERRORLEVEL 1
(b) Invalid switch                                  = ERRORLEVEL 1
(c) Path not found                                  = ERRORLEVEL 1
(d) Drive not ready (Abort reply)                   = ERRORLEVEL 21
     (Note: Fail reply - unusually - returns ERRORLEVEL 1)

TRACERT.EXE

(a) Unable to resolve target system name            = ERRORLEVEL 1
     (usually=name not found on DomainNameServer)
(b) Invalid switch                                  = ERRORLEVEL 1
(c) Brief help (no parameter)                       = ERRORLEVEL 1
(d) Interrupted with [Ctrl-C]                       = ERRORLEVEL 255
Note: for TRACERT Brief help, type command without parameters

XCOPY.EXE

(a) File not found                                  = ERRORLEVEL 1
(b) Invalid date in /d switch                       = ERRORLEVEL 4
(c) Invalid number of parameters                    = ERRORLEVEL 4
(d) Invalid parameter                               = ERRORLEVEL 4
(e) Device not ready                                = ERRORLEVEL 4
(f) Unable to create directory                      = ERRORLEVEL 4
(g) System can't find file                          = ERRORLEVEL 5
     (this occurs when device such as NUL is used as Source file)

if结合errorlevel使用

说明：环境变量errorlevel的初始值为0，当一些命令执行不成功，就会返回一个数值，如：1 ，2 等

IF-ERRORLEVEL

测试代码：

@ECHO OFF
XCOPY F:\test.bat D:\
IF ERRORLEVEL 1 ECHO 文件拷贝失败
IF ERRORLEVEL 0 ECHO 成功拷贝文件

如果文件拷贝成功，屏幕就会显示“成功拷贝文件”，否则就会显示“文件拷贝失败”。
IF ERRORLEVEL 是用来测试它的上一个DOS命令的返回值的，注意只是上一个命令的返回值，而且返回值必须依照从大到小次序顺序判断。
因此下面的批处理文件是错误的：

@ECHO OFF
XCOPY C:\AUTOEXEC.BAT D:\
IF ERRORLEVEL 0 ECHO 成功拷贝文件
IF ERRORLEVEL 1 ECHO 未找到拷贝文件
IF ERRORLEVEL 2 ECHO 用户通过ctrl-c中止拷贝操作
IF ERRORLEVEL 3 ECHO 预置错误阻止文件拷贝操作
IF ERRORLEVEL 4 ECHO 拷贝过程中写盘错误

无论拷贝是否成功，后面的：
未找到拷贝文件
用户通过ctrl-c中止拷贝操作
预置错误阻止文件拷贝操作
拷贝过程中写盘错误
都将显示出来。

以下就是几个常用命令的返回值及其代表的意义：

backup

0 备份成功
1 未找到备份文件
2 文件共享冲突阻止备份完成
3 用户用ctrl-c中止备份
4 由于致命的错误使备份操作中止
diskcomp
0 盘比较相同
1 盘比较不同
2 用户通过ctrl-c中止比较操作
3 由于致命的错误使比较操作中止
4 预置错误中止比较
diskcopy
0 盘拷贝操作成功
1 非致命盘读/写错
2 用户通过ctrl-c结束拷贝操作
3 因致命的处理错误使盘拷贝中止
4 预置错误阻止拷贝操作

format

0 格式化成功
3 用户通过ctrl-c中止格式化处理
4 因致命的处理错误使格式化中止
5 在提示“proceed with format（y/n）?”下用户键入n结束

xcopy

0 成功拷贝文件
1 未找到拷贝文件
2 用户通过ctrl-c中止拷贝操作
4 预置错误阻止文件拷贝操作
5 拷贝过程中写盘错误

if还有一个特殊的用法就是可以用来检测某个变量是否已经被定义

用法示例：

@echo off
set “str1=ok”
set “str2=no”
if defined str1 echo str1已经被定义
if defined str2 echo str2已经被定义
if defined str3 (echo str3已经被定义) else echo str3 没有被定义
pause>nul

if errorlevel 0
===> 表示errorlevel 等于或大于0

if not errorlevel 0
===> 表示errorlevel 小于0

if %errorlevel% == 0 或者 if “%errorlevel%” == “0 ” 或 if “%errorlevel%” equ “0 ”
===> 表示errorlevel 等于0

if %errorlevel% neq 0 或者 if “%errorlevel%” neq “0 ” 或 if “%errorlevel%” neq “0 ”
===> 表示errorlevel 不等于0