PHash算法即感知哈希算法/Perceptual Hash algorithm，计算基于低频的均值哈希．对每张图像生成一个指纹字符串，通过对该字符串比较可以判断图像间的相似度．
PHash算法原理
将图像转为灰度图，然后将图片大小调整为32*32像素并通过DCT变换，取左上角的8*8像素区域。然后计算这64个像素的灰度值的均值。将每个像素的灰度值与均值对比，大于均值记为1，小于均值记为0，得到64位哈希值。
PHash算法实现
将图片转为灰度值
将图片尺寸缩小为32*32
resize(src, src, Size(32, 32));
DCT变换
Mat srcDCT; dct(src, srcDCT);
计算DCT左上角8*8像素区域均值，求hash值
double sum = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) sum += srcDCT.at<float>(i,j); double average = sum/64; Mat phashcode= Mat::zeros(Size(8, 8), CV_8U); for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) phashcode.at<char>(i,j) = srcDCT.at<float>(i,j) > average ? 1:0;
hash值匹配
int d = 0; for (int n = 0; n < srchash.size[1]; n++) if (srchash.at<uchar>(0,n) != dsthash.at<uchar>(0,n)) d++;
即，计算两幅图哈希值之间的汉明距离，汉明距离越大，两图片越不相似。
OpenCV实现
如图在下图中对比各个图像与图person.jpg的汉明距离，以此衡量两图之间的额相似度。
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fstream>
#include <io.h>
#include <string>
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <opencv2\core\core.hpp>
#include <opencv2\core\mat.hpp>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
int fingerprint(Mat src, Mat* hash);
int main()
{
Mat src = imread("E:\\image\\image\\image\\person.jpg", 0);
if(src.empty())
{
cout << "the image is not exist" << endl;
return -1;
}
Mat srchash, dsthash;
fingerprint(src, &srchash);
for(int i = 1; i <= 8; i++)
{
string path0 = "E:\\image\\image\\image\\person";
string number;
stringstream ss;
ss << i;
ss >> number;
string path = "E:\\image\\image\\image\\person" + number +".jpg";
Mat dst = imread(path, 0);
if(dst.empty())
{
cout << "the image is not exist" << endl;
return -1;
}
fingerprint(dst, &dsthash);
int d = 0;
for (int n = 0; n < srchash.size[1]; n++)
if (srchash.at<uchar>(0,n) != dsthash.at<uchar>(0,n)) d++;
cout <<"person" << i <<" distance= " <<d<<"\n";
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
int fingerprint(Mat src, Mat* hash)
{
resize(src, src, Size(32, 32));
src.convertTo(src, CV_32F);
Mat srcDCT;
dct(src, srcDCT);
srcDCT = abs(srcDCT);
double sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++)
sum += srcDCT.at<float>(i,j);
double average = sum/64;
Mat phashcode= Mat::zeros(Size(8, 8), CV_8U);
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++)
phashcode.at<char>(i,j) = srcDCT.at<float>(i,j) > average ? 1:0;
*hash = phashcode.reshape(0,1).clone();
return 0;
}
输出汉明距离：
可以看出若将阈值设置为20则可将后三张其他图片筛选掉。
以上这篇opencv3/C++ PHash算法图像检索详解就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。
