本文实例讲述了基于C++实现的哈夫曼编码解码操作。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：
哈夫曼编码是一个通过哈夫曼树进行的一种编码，一般情况下，以字符：‘0'与‘1'表示。编码的实现过程很简单，只要实现哈夫曼树，通过遍历哈夫曼树，这里我们从每一个叶子结点开始向上遍历，如果该结点为父节点的左孩子，则在字符串后面追加“0”，如果为其右孩子，则在字符串后追加“1”。结束条件为没有父节点。然后将字符串倒过来存入结点中。
C++实现代码如下：
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
struct Node
{
double weight;
string ch;
string code;
int lchild, rchild, parent;
};
void Select(Node huffTree[], int *a, int *b, int n)//找权值最小的两个a和b
{
int i;
double weight = 0; //找最小的数
for (i = 0; i <n; i++)
{
if (huffTree[i].parent != -1) //判断节点是否已经选过
continue;
else
{
if (weight == 0)
{
weight = huffTree[i].weight;
*a = i;
}
else
{
if (huffTree[i].weight < weight)
{
weight = huffTree[i].weight;
*a = i;
}
}
}
}
weight = 0; //找第二小的数
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
if (huffTree[i].parent != -1 || (i == *a))//排除已选过的数
continue;
else
{
if (weight == 0)
{
weight = huffTree[i].weight;
*b = i;
}
else
{
if (huffTree[i].weight < weight)
{
weight = huffTree[i].weight;
*b = i;
}
}
}
}
int temp;
if (huffTree[*a].lchild < huffTree[*b].lchild) //小的数放左边
{
temp = *a;
*a = *b;
*b = temp;
}
}
void Huff_Tree(Node huffTree[], int w[], string ch[], int n)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n - 1; i++) //初始过程
{
huffTree[i].parent = -1;
huffTree[i].lchild = -1;
huffTree[i].rchild = -1;
huffTree[i].code = "";
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
huffTree[i].weight = w[i];
huffTree[i].ch = ch[i];
}
for (int k = n; k < 2 * n - 1; k++)
{
int i1 = 0;
int i2 = 0;
Select(huffTree, &i1, &i2, k); //将i1，i2节点合成节点k
huffTree[i1].parent = k;
huffTree[i2].parent = k;
huffTree[k].weight = huffTree[i1].weight + huffTree[i2].weight;
huffTree[k].lchild = i1;
huffTree[k].rchild = i2;
}
}
void Huff_Code(Node huffTree[], int n)
{
int i, j, k;
string s = "";
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
s = "";
j = i;
while (huffTree[j].parent != -1) //从叶子往上找到根节点
{
k = huffTree[j].parent;
if (j == huffTree[k].lchild) //如果是根的左孩子，则记为0
{
s = s + "0";
}
else
{
s = s + "1";
}
j = huffTree[j].parent;
}
cout << "字符 " << huffTree[i].ch << " 的编码：";
for (int l = s.size() - 1; l >= 0; l--)
{
cout << s[l];
huffTree[i].code += s[l]; //保存编码
}
cout << endl;
}
}
string Huff_Decode(Node huffTree[], int n,string s)
{
cout << "解码后为：";
string temp = "",str="";//保存解码后的字符串
for (int i = 0; i < s.size(); i++)
{
temp = temp + s[i];
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
{
if (temp == huffTree[j].code)
{
str=str+ huffTree[j].ch;
temp = "";
break;
}
else if (i == s.size()-1&&j==n-1&&temp!="")//全部遍历后没有
{
str= "解码错误！";
}
}
}
return str;
}
int main()
{
//编码过程
const int n=5;
Node huffTree[2 * n];
string str[] = { "A", "B", "C", "D", "E"};
int w[] = { 30, 30, 5, 20, 15 };
Huff_Tree(huffTree, w, str, n);
Huff_Code(huffTree, n);
//解码过程
string s;
cout << "输入编码：";
cin >> s;
cout << Huff_Decode(huffTree, n, s)<< endl;;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
运行结果如下：
希望本文所述对大家C++程序设计有所帮助。
