Android实现读写SD卡

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SD卡的读写是我们在开发Android 应用程序过程中最常见的操作。下面介绍SD卡的读写操作方式：

1. 获取SD卡的根目录

String  sdCardRoot = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath();   

2. 在SD卡上创建文件夹目录

/** 
 * 在SD卡上创建目录 
 */ 
public File createDirOnSDCard(String dir) 
{ 
  File dirFile = new File(sdCardRoot + File.separator + dir +File.separator); 
  Log.v("createDirOnSDCard", sdCardRoot + File.separator + dir +File.separator); 
  dirFile.mkdirs(); 
  return dirFile; 
}

3. 在SD卡上创建文件

/** 
 * 在SD卡上创建文件 
 */ 
public File createFileOnSDCard(String fileName, String dir) throws IOException 
{ 
  File file = new File(sdCardRoot + File.separator + dir + File.separator + fileName); 
  Log.v("createFileOnSDCard", sdCardRoot + File.separator + dir + File.separator + fileName); 
  file.createNewFile(); 
  return file; 
}

4.判断文件是否存在于SD卡的某个目录

/** 
 * 判断SD卡上文件是否存在 
 */ 
public boolean isFileExist(String fileName, String path) 
{ 
  File file = new File(sdCardRoot + path + File.separator + fileName); 
  return file.exists(); 
}

5.将数据写入到SD卡指定目录文件

/* 写入数据到SD卡中 
   */ 
  public File writeData2SDCard(String path, String fileName, InputStream data) 
  { 
    File file = null; 
    OutputStream output = null; 
     
    try { 
      createDirOnSDCard(path); //创建目录 
      file = createFileOnSDCard(fileName, path); //创建文件 
      output = new FileOutputStream(file); 
      byte buffer[] = new byte[2*1024];     //每次写2K数据 
      int temp; 
      while((temp = data.read(buffer)) != -1 ) 
      { 
        output.write(buffer,0,temp); 
      } 
      output.flush(); 
       
    } catch (Exception e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } 
    finally{ 
      try { 
        output.close();  //关闭数据流操作 
      } catch (Exception e2) { 
        e2.printStackTrace(); 
      } 
    } 
     
    return file; 
  }

注意事项

对SD卡的操作，必须要申请权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

详情看这里 https://www.jb51.net/article/34296.htm

注意：不直接进行读出是为了防止打文件操作对内存的消耗，所以用输入流读到硬盘上。

public String readFile(String fileName) throws Exception{
    FileInputStream fis = context.openFileInput(fileName);
    byte[] bytes = new byte[fis.available()];
    fis.read(bytes);
    fis.close();
    return new String(bytes,"utf-8");
  }

当文件很大的时候，byte[]会占用很大的内存。

package cn.itcast.fileio.service;
 
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
 
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Environment;
 
public class SdCardService {
  private Context ctx;
 
  public SdCardService(Context ctx) {
    this.ctx = ctx;
  }
 
  /**
   * 写文件入skcard
   */
  public void writeToSdCard(String fileName, String cont) {
    try {
      // 判断是否有挂载sdcard
      if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(
          Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
        // 得到sdcar文件目录
        File dir = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
        File file = new File(dir, "itcast.txt");
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
        fos.write(cont.getBytes());
        fos.close();
      }
    }
    catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
  /**
   * 读SdCard中的文件
   */
  public String readSdCard(String fileName) {
    try {
      // 判断是否有挂载sdcard
      if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(
          Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
        // 得到sdcar文件目录
        File dir = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
        File file = new File(dir, "itcast.txt");
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
        return readIs2String(fis);
      }
    }
    catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return null;
  }
   
  /**
   * 将输入流数据读取到输出流当中
   */
  private OutputStream readIs2Os(InputStream is ,OutputStream os){
    try {
      byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
      int length = 0 ;
      while((length = is.read(bytes)) != -1){
        os.write(bytes, 0, length);
      }
      is.close();
      os.close();
    }
    catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return os ;
  }
   
  /**
   * 将输入流数据读取到输出流当中
   */
  public byte[] readIs2Bytes(InputStream is){
    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    readIs2Os(is,baos);
    return baos.toByteArray() ;
  }
   
  public String readIs2String(InputStream is){
    try {
      return new String(readIs2Bytes(is),"utf-8");
    }
    catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return null ;
  }
   
  public String readIs2String(String fileName){
    try {
      if(Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){
        File dir = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
        File file = new File(dir,fileName);
        FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(file);
        return readIs2String(is);
      }
    }
    catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return null ;
  }
}

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