本文将提供一些perl连接Microsoft SQL Server数据库的实例。perl脚本运行在Windows和Linux平台。
Windows平台
如果在Windows平台下运行perl脚本，建议使用依赖DBI的两个模块包，提供标准的数据库接口模块。
DBD::ODBC
DBD::ADO
使用DBD::ODBC
如果选用DBD::ODBC，下面的实例代码将展示如何连接到SQL Server数据库：
use DBI;
# DBD::ODBC
my $dsn = 'DBI:ODBC:Driver={SQL Server}';
my $host = '10.0.0.1,1433';
my $database = 'my_database';
my $user = 'sa';
my $auth = ‘s3cr3t';
# Connect via DBD::ODBC by specifying the DSN dynamically.
my $dbh = DBI->connect("$dsn;Server=$host;Database=$database",
$user,
$auth,
{ RaiseError => 1, AutoCommit => 1}
) || die "Database connection not made: $DBI::errstr";
#Prepare a SQL statement my $sql = "SELECT id, name, phone_number FROM employees ";
my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $sql );
#Execute the statement
$sth->execute();
my( $id, $name, $phone_number );
# Bind the results to the local variables
$sth->bind_columns( undef, \$id, \$name, \$phone_number );
#Retrieve values from the result set
while( $sth->fetch() ) {
print "$id, $name, $phone_number\n";
}
#Close the connection
$sth->finish();
$dbh->disconnect();
你还可以使用预先设置的一个系统DSN来连接。要建立一个系统DSN，可以这样访问控制面板->管理工具->数据源。
使用系统DSN连接，需要更改连接字符串。如下所示：
# Connect via DBD::ODBC using a System DSN
my $dbh = DBI->connect("dbi:ODBC:my_system_dsn",
$user,
$auth,
{
RaiseError => 1,
AutoCommit => 1
}
) || die "Database connection not made: $DBI::errstr";
使用DBD::ADO
如果选择DBD::ADO模块，下面的实例展示如何连接到SQL Server数据库。
use DBI;
my $host = '10.0.0.1,1433';
my $database = 'my_database';
my $user = 'sa';
my $auth = ‘s3cr3t';
# DBD::ADO
$dsn = "Provider=sqloledb;Trusted Connection=yes;";
$dsn .= "Server=$host;Database=$database";
my $dbh = DBI->connect("dbi:ADO:$dsn",
$user,
$auth,
{ RaiseError => 1, AutoCommit => 1}
) || die "Database connection not made: $DBI::errstr";
#Prepare a SQL statement
my $sql = "SELECT id, name, phone_number FROM employees "; my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $sql );
#Execute the statement
$sth->execute();
my( $id, $name, $phone_number );
# Bind the results to the local variables
$sth->bind_columns( undef, \$id, \$name, \$phone_number );
#Retrieve values from the result set
while( $sth->fetch() ) {
print "$id, $name, $phone_number\n";
}
#Close the connection
$sth->finish();
$dbh->disconnect();
Linux平台
如果是在Linux平台下运行perl脚本，连接SQL Server数据库需要使用到DBD::Sybase包。
安装SQL Server支持库
Sybase DBD包依赖FreeTDS驱动程序。
FreeTDS下载地址：www.freetds.org
安装FreeTDS驱动的说明文档参见：http://www.freetds.org/userguide/config.htm
该驱动没有使用到ODBC.
配置数据源
修改freetds.conf文件包括SQL Server数据库信息，如下所示：
[SS_MY_DB]
host = 10.0.0.1 # or host name port = 1433
tds version = 7.0
安装Sybase DBD模块
该模块文档参见：http://search.cpan.org/~mewp/DBD-Sybase/Sybase.pm
此外，需要将sybase环境变量应设置为FreeTDS安装路径，export SYBASE=/usr/local/freetds
使用Sybase DBI和SQL Server DSN实例
# load the DBI module
use DBI;
use DBD::Sybase;
my $database="my_database";
my $user="sa";
my $auth="s3cr3t";
BEGIN
{
$ENV{SYBASE} = "/usr/local";
}
# Connect to the SQL Server Database
my $dbh = DBI->connect("dbi:Sybase:server=ss_my_db;database=$database",
$user,
$auth
{RaiseError => 1, AutoCommit => 1}
) || die "Database connection not made: $DBI::errstr";
#Prepare a SQL statement
my $sql = "SELECT id, name, phone_number FROM employees";
my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $sql );
#Execute the statement
$sth->execute();
my( $id, $name, $phone_number );
# Bind the results to the local variables
$sth->bind_columns( undef, \$id, \$name, \$phone_number );
#Retrieve values from the result set
while( $sth->fetch() ) { print "$name, $title, $phone\n";
}
#Close the connection
$sth->finish();
undef $sth; # This fixes a segfault bug with certain versions of DBD::Sybase
$dbh->disconnect();
