中小站点简单备份策略
基于drupal的中小行网站，我们可以使用backup_migrate模块，该模块提供了定期备份的功能，备份的时间、保留多少个备份等等设置，设置好之后，定期执行cron即可备份成功。 一般的Drupal小站，我们只需使用svn即可，在服务器端，我们把备份好的数据提交到svn，就可以达到备份的目的。由于Drupal的备份模块可以设置备份保留的文件份数，因此不会造成太多的备份文件，从而导致svn很大。
下面是一个简单的备份脚本，放置到站点根目录，然后加到crontab每天执行即可。
#!/bin/bash
date #start date
DRUSH_PHP=/bin/php #php path
export DRUSH_PHP
drush cron
svn st sites/default/files/backup_migrate/scheduled/ | grep '^!' | awk '{print $2}' | xargs svn delete --force
svn add sites/default/files/backup_migrate/scheduled/*
svn ci sites/default/files/backup_migrate/scheduled/ -m 'add backup files'
date #end date
crontab的设置如下
大型站点MySQL备份策略
如果是数据库稍大的站点，使用svn临时备份就略显单薄，这时需要使用MySQL备份策略，一般情况下我们需要把整个数据库都备份压缩，然后定期转移到备份数据库或者放到其他的云服务器，这里给出一个简单的PHP示例代码。
#!/usr/bin/php -q
<?php
$to = "gaoxinzhao@gmail.com";
$hostname = exec('/bin/hostname');
$mycnf = "/home/robbin/.my.cnf";
$ignore = array('information_schema', 'test', 'mysql', 'wdcpdb');
function trimw($str) {
$str = str_replace(array("n", "r", "t", " ", "o", "xOB"), '', $str);
return $str;
}
if (!file_exists($mycnf)) {
mail($to, "No .my.cnf exists on $hostname", "MySQL cannot dump because .my.cnf is missing on $hostname .") ;
exit("cant get user creds");
}
$myconf = file_get_contents($mycnf) or die( "Failed to open bmesh_admin's .my.cnf" );
preg_match( "/buser(.*)/", $myconf, $matches ) or die( mail($to, "No username in .my.cnf on $hostname", "MySQL cannot dump on $hostname"));
$usr = (explode('=', $matches[0]));
$user = trimw($usr[1]);
preg_match( "/bpassword(.*)/", $myconf, $matches ) or die( mail($to, "No password in .my.cnf on $hostname", "MySQL cannot dump on $hostname"));
$pass = (explode('=', $matches[0]));
$password = trimw($pass[1]);
mysql_connect("localhost",$user,$password) or die ("could not connect: " . mysql_error());
mysql_select_db("mysql");
$result = mysql_query("show databases");
$bpath = "/home/robbin/backup/mysql";
$btime = date("Y-m-d H:i:s");
$bstamp = strtotime($btime);
$byear = date("Y", $bstamp);
$bmonth = date("m", $bstamp);
$bday = date("d", $bstamp);
$btod = date("H-i-s", $bstamp);
while ($res = mysql_fetch_array($result))
{
$myDb = $res["Database"];
if (in_array($myDb, $ignore)) continue;
$mdir = "$bpath/$byear/$bmonth/$bday/$btod/$myDb";
$out = `mkdir -p $mdir`;
$myFile = $myDb . ".sql";
$bldCmd = "cd $mdir ; ";
$bldCmd .= "mysqldump -u$user -p$password --single-transaction --add-drop-table -R -c -Q $myDb > $myFile ;";
//$bldCmd .= "chmod 644 $myFile ; ";
//$bldCmd .= "chown root:root $myFile ; ";
$bldCmd .= "gzip -9 $myFile";
print "Backing up $myDbn";
print "Securing $myDbn";
$out = `$bldCmd`;
}
$out = `chmod 700 $bpath/$byear`;
print "$outn";
print "Backups are in $bpathn";
crontab的设置
此外我们需要把备份的数据还要定期传送到其他服务器上，才会避免服务器崩溃而引发数据丢失。备份及时网站才有保证，这里仅仅只是笔者的一点点操作分享，大家有更好的备份策略，欢迎共享。
