在查询时，可以为表和字段取一个别名。这个别名可以代替其指定的表和字段
为表取别名
mysql> SELECT * FROM department d
-> WHERE d.d_id=1001;
+------+-----------+--------------+-------------+
| d_id | d_name | function | address |
+------+-----------+--------------+-------------+
| 1001 | 科技部 | 研发产品 | 3号楼5层 |
+------+-----------+--------------+-------------+
row in set (0.00 sec)
这里为department表取了一个别名为d
为字段取别名
mysql> SELECT d_id AS department_id, d_name AS department_name
-> FROM department;
+---------------+-----------------+
| department_id | department_name |
+---------------+-----------------+
| 1001 | 科技部 |
| 1002 | 生产部 |
| 1003 | 销售部 |
+---------------+-----------------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)
此处语法与上面类似，只不过加了AS
