Q：在Java中怎么可以产生内存泄露？
A：Java中，造成内存泄露的原因有很多种。典型的例子是一个没有实现hasCode和
equals方法的Key类在HashMap中保存的情况。最后会生成很多重复的对象。所有的内存泄露
最后都会抛出OutOfMemoryError异常，下面通过一段简短的通过无限循环模拟内存泄露
的例子说明一下。
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class MemoryLeak {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Map<Key, String> map = new HashMap<Key, String>(1000);
int counter = 0;
while (true) {
// creates duplicate objects due to bad Key class
map.put(new Key("dummyKey"), "value");
counter++;
if (counter % 1000 == 0) {
System.out.println("map size: " + map.size());
System.out.println("Free memory after count " + counter
+ " is " + getFreeMemory() + "MB");
sleep(1000);
}
}
}
// inner class key without hashcode() or equals() -- bad implementation
static class Key {
private String key;
public Key(String key) {
this.key = key;
}
}
//delay for a given period in milli seconds
public static void sleep(long sleepFor) {
try {
Thread.sleep(sleepFor);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//get available memory in MB
public static long getFreeMemory() {
return Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory() / (1024 * 1024);
}
}
结果如下：
map size: 1000
Free memory after count 1000 is 4MB
map size: 2000
Free memory after count 2000 is 4MB
map size: 1396000
Free memory after count 1396000 is 2MB
map size: 1397000
Free memory after count 1397000 is 2MB
map size: 1398000
Free memory after count 1398000 is 2MB
map size: 1399000
Free memory after count 1399000 is 1MB
map size: 1400000
Free memory after count 1400000 is 1MB
map size: 1401000
Free memory after count 1401000 is 1MB
.....
.....
map size: 1452000
Free memory after count 1452000 is 0MB
map size: 1453000
Free memory after count 1453000 is 0MB
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
at java.util.HashMap.addEntry(HashMap.java:753)
at java.util.HashMap.put(HashMap.java:385)
at MemoryLeak.main(MemoryLeak.java:10)
Q:怎么解决上面的内存泄露？
A：实现Key类的equals和hasCode方法。
.....
static class Key {
private String key;
public Key(String key) {
this.key = key;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (obj instanceof Key)
return key.equals(((Key) obj).key);
else
return false;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return key.hashCode();
}
}
.....
重新执行程序会得到如下结果：
map size: 1
Free memory after count 1000 is 4MB
map size: 1
Free memory after count 2000 is 4MB
map size: 1
Free memory after count 3000 is 4MB
map size: 1
Free memory after count 4000 is 4MB
...
Free memory after count 73000 is 4MB
map size: 1
Free memory after count 74000 is 4MB
map size: 1
Free memory after count 75000 is 4MB
Q：在实际场景中，你怎么查找内存泄露？
A：通过以下代码获取线程ID
C:\>jps
5808 Jps
4568 MemoryLeak
3860 Main
通过命令行打开jconsole
C:\>jconsole 4568
实现了hasCode和equals的Key类和没有实现的图表如下所示：
没有内存泄露的：
造成内存泄露的：
