(一)将汉字转化成全拼
代码:
汉字转拼音类: 
        private static string[] pyName = new string[]
                {
                "A","Ai","An","Ang","Ao","Ba","Bai","Ban","Bang","Bao","Bei","Ben",
                "Beng","Bi","Bian","Biao","Bie","Bin","Bing","Bo","Bu","Ba","Cai","Can",
                "Cang","Cao","Ce","Ceng","Cha","Chai","Chan","Chang","Chao","Che","Chen","Cheng",
                "Chi","Chong","Chou","Chu","Chuai","Chuan","Chuang","Chui","Chun","Chuo","Ci","Cong",
                "Cou","Cu","Cuan","Cui","Cun","Cuo","Da","Dai","Dan","Dang","Dao","De",
                "Deng","Di","Dian","Diao","Die","Ding","Diu","Dong","Dou","Du","Duan","Dui",
                "Dun","Duo","E","En","Er","Fa","Fan","Fang","Fei","Fen","Feng","Fo",
                "Fou","Fu","Ga","Gai","Gan","Gang","Gao","Ge","Gei","Gen","Geng","Gong",
                "Gou","Gu","Gua","Guai","Guan","Guang","Gui","Gun","Guo","Ha","Hai","Han",
                "Hang","Hao","He","Hei","Hen","Heng","Hong","Hou","Hu","Hua","Huai","Huan",
                "Huang","Hui","Hun","Huo","Ji","Jia","Jian","Jiang","Jiao","Jie","Jin","Jing",
                "Jiong","Jiu","Ju","Juan","Jue","Jun","Ka","Kai","Kan","Kang","Kao","Ke",
                "Ken","Keng","Kong","Kou","Ku","Kua","Kuai","Kuan","Kuang","Kui","Kun","Kuo",
                "La","Lai","Lan","Lang","Lao","Le","Lei","Leng","Li","Lia","Lian","Liang",
                "Liao","Lie","Lin","Ling","Liu","Long","Lou","Lu","Lv","Luan","Lue","Lun",
                "Luo","Ma","Mai","Man","Mang","Mao","Me","Mei","Men","Meng","Mi","Mian",
                "Miao","Mie","Min","Ming","Miu","Mo","Mou","Mu","Na","Nai","Nan","Nang",
                "Nao","Ne","Nei","Nen","Neng","Ni","Nian","Niang","Niao","Nie","Nin","Ning",
                "Niu","Nong","Nu","Nv","Nuan","Nue","Nuo","O","Ou","Pa","Pai","Pan",
                "Pang","Pao","Pei","Pen","Peng","Pi","Pian","Piao","Pie","Pin","Ping","Po",
                "Pu","Qi","Qia","Qian","Qiang","Qiao","Qie","Qin","Qing","Qiong","Qiu","Qu",
                "Quan","Que","Qun","Ran","Rang","Rao","Re","Ren","Reng","Ri","Rong","Rou",
                "Ru","Ruan","Rui","Run","Ruo","Sa","Sai","San","Sang","Sao","Se","Sen",
                "Seng","Sha","Shai","Shan","Shang","Shao","She","Shen","Sheng","Shi","Shou","Shu",
                "Shua","Shuai","Shuan","Shuang","Shui","Shun","Shuo","Si","Song","Sou","Su","Suan",
                "Sui","Sun","Suo","Ta","Tai","Tan","Tang","Tao","Te","Teng","Ti","Tian",
                "Tiao","Tie","Ting","Tong","Tou","Tu","Tuan","Tui","Tun","Tuo","Wa","Wai",
                "Wan","Wang","Wei","Wen","Weng","Wo","Wu","Xi","Xia","Xian","Xiang","Xiao",
                "Xie","Xin","Xing","Xiong","Xiu","Xu","Xuan","Xue","Xun","Ya","Yan","Yang",
                "Yao","Ye","Yi","Yin","Ying","Yo","Yong","You","Yu","Yuan","Yue","Yun",
                "Za", "Zai","Zan","Zang","Zao","Ze","Zei","Zen","Zeng","Zha","Zhai","Zhan",
                "Zhang","Zhao","Zhe","Zhen","Zheng","Zhi","Zhong","Zhou","Zhu","Zhua","Zhuai","Zhuan",
                "Zhuang","Zhui","Zhun","Zhuo","Zi","Zong","Zou","Zu","Zuan","Zui","Zun","Zuo"
                };
        /// <summary>
        /// 把汉字转换成拼音(全拼)
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="hzString">汉字字符串</param>
        /// <returns>转换后的拼音(全拼)字符串</returns>
        public static string Convert(string hzString)
        {
            // 匹配中文字符
            Regex regex = new Regex("^[\u4e00-\u9fa5]$");
            byte[] array = new byte[2];
            string pyString = "";
            int chrAsc = 0;
            int i1 = 0;
            int i2 = 0;
            char[] noWChar = hzString.ToCharArray();
            for (int j = 0; j < noWChar.Length; j++)
            {
                // 中文字符
                if (regex.IsMatch(noWChar[j].ToString()))
                {
                    array = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes(noWChar[j].ToString());
                    i1 = (short)(array[0]);
                    i2 = (short)(array[1]);
                    chrAsc = i1 * 256 + i2 - 65536;
                    if (chrAsc > 0 && chrAsc < 160)
                    {
                        pyString += noWChar[j];
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        // 修正部分文字
                        if (chrAsc == -9254)  // 修正“圳”字
                            pyString += "Zhen";
                        else
                        {
                            for (int i = (pyValue.Length - 1); i >= 0; i--)
                            {
                                if (pyValue[i] <= chrAsc)
                                {
                                    pyString += pyName[i];
                                    break;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                // 非中文字符
                else
                {
                    pyString += noWChar[j].ToString();
                }
            }
            return pyString;
        }
    }
补充:一些生僻字转不了,比如:“睿”和“罡”字等。
(二)将汉字转化成首字母序列
byte[] ZW = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes(CnChar);
            //如果是字母,则直接返回 
            if (ZW.Length == 1)
            {
                return CnChar.ToUpper();
            }
            else
            {
                //   get   the     array   of   byte   from   the   single   char    
                int i1 = (short)(ZW[0]);
                int i2 = (short)(ZW[1]);
                iCnChar = i1 * 256 + i2;
            }
            #region table   of   the   constant   list
            //expresstion 
            //table   of   the   constant   list 
            // 'A';           //45217..45252 
            // 'B';           //45253..45760 
            // 'C';           //45761..46317 
            // 'D';           //46318..46825 
            // 'E';           //46826..47009 
            // 'F';           //47010..47296 
            // 'G';           //47297..47613 
            // 'H';           //47614..48118 
            // 'J';           //48119..49061 
            // 'K';           //49062..49323 
            // 'L';           //49324..49895 
            // 'M';           //49896..50370 
            // 'N';           //50371..50613 
            // 'O';           //50614..50621 
            // 'P';           //50622..50905 
            // 'Q';           //50906..51386 
            // 'R';           //51387..51445 
            // 'S';           //51446..52217 
            // 'T';           //52218..52697 
            //没有U,V 
            // 'W';           //52698..52979 
            // 'X';           //52980..53640 
            // 'Y';           //53689..54480 
            // 'Z';           //54481..55289 
            #endregion
            //   iCnChar match     the   constant 
            if ((iCnChar >= 45217) && (iCnChar <= 45252))
            {
                return "A";
            }
            else if ((iCnChar >= 45253) && (iCnChar <= 45760))
            {
                return "B";
            }
            else if ((iCnChar >= 45761) && (iCnChar <= 46317))
            {
                return "C";
            }
            else if ((iCnChar >= 46318) && (iCnChar <= 46825))
            {
                return "D";
            }
            else if ((iCnChar >= 46826) && (iCnChar <= 47009))
            {
                return "E";
            }
            else if ((iCnChar >= 47010) && (iCnChar <= 47296))
            {
                return "F";
            }
            else if ((iCnChar >= 47297) && (iCnChar <= 47613))
            {
                return "G";
            }
            else if ((iCnChar >= 47614) && (iCnChar <= 48118))
            {
                return "H";
            }
            else if ((iCnChar >= 48119) && (iCnChar <= 49061))
            {
                return "J";
            }
            else if ((iCnChar >= 49062) && (iCnChar <= 49323))
            {
                return "K";
            }
            else if ((iCnChar >= 49324) && (iCnChar <= 49895))
            {
                return "L";
            }
            else if ((iCnChar >= 49896) && (iCnChar <= 50370))
            {
                return "M";
            }
            else if ((iCnChar >= 50371) && (iCnChar <= 50613))
            {
                return "N";
            }
            else if ((iCnChar >= 50614) && (iCnChar <= 50621))
            {
                return "O";
            }
            else if ((iCnChar >= 50622) && (iCnChar <= 50905))
            {
                return "P";
            }
            else if ((iCnChar >= 50906) && (iCnChar <= .51386))
            {
                return "Q";
            }
            else if ((iCnChar >= 51387) && (iCnChar <= 51445))
            {
                return "R";
            }
            else if ((iCnChar >= 51446) && (iCnChar <= 52217))
            {
                return "S";
            }
            else if ((iCnChar >= 52218) && (iCnChar <= 52697))
            {
                return "T";
            }
            else if ((iCnChar >= 52698) && (iCnChar <= 52979))
            {
                return "W";
            }
            else if ((iCnChar >= 52980) && (iCnChar <= 53640))
            {
                return "X";
            }
            else if ((iCnChar >= 53689) && (iCnChar <= 54480))
            {
                return "Y";
            }
            else if ((iCnChar >= 54481) && (iCnChar <= 55289))
            {
                return "Z";
            }
            else return ("?");
        }